Indonesian History

Indonesia Independence

Background

On August 6, 1945 a bomb was dropped on Hiroshima in Japan by the United States which began to demoralize the spirit of the Japanese army in the world. A day later Investigation Agency Preparation for Independence Indonesia BPUPKI, or "Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai", renamed PPKI (The Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence) or also called Dokuritsu Junbi Inkai in Japanese, to further confirm the desire and the aim of achieving the independence of Indonesia. On August 9, 1945, a second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, causing the Japanese surrendered to the United States and its allies. This moment is also used by Indonesia to declare independence.
Indonesian flag is raised 17 August 1945.jpg

Soekarno Hatta as lead manager and Radjiman PPKI Wedyodiningrat as a former chairman of BPUPKI flown to Dalat, 250 km northeast of Saigon, Vietnam to meet with Marshal Terauchi. They reported that Japanese troops were on the verge of defeat and will give independence to Indonesia. Meanwhile in Indonesia, on August 10, 1945, Sutan Syahrir have heard the news over the radio that Japan had surrendered to the Allies. Underground fighters preparing to declare independence, and reject the form of independence that is given as a gift of Japan.

On August 12, 1945, Japan by Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam, told Sukarno, Hatta and Radjiman that the Japanese government will soon grant independence to Indonesia and the proclamation of independence can be carried out within a few days, depending on how the PPKI. Despite this Japan wants Indonesia's independence on 24 August.

Two days later, when Sukarno, Hatta and Radjiman return to their homeland from Dalat, Sutan Syahrir urged Sukarno declared independence immediately because it considers the results of the meeting in Dalat as a ruse Japan, because Japan every moment had to be surrendered to the Allies and for the sake of avoiding a split in nationalist stronghold, between the anti and pro-Japanese. Syahrir Hatta told about the results of the meeting in Dalat. Sukarno did not believe that Japan had surrendered, and the proclamation of independence of Indonesia as it can cause great bloodshed, and can cause serious fatal if the fighters Indonesia was not ready. Soekarno Hatta reminded that Syahrir no right to declare independence because it is the right of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI). Meanwhile Syahrir agency considers PPKI is made in Japan and the proclamation of independence by PPKI only a 'gift' from Japan (sic).
Indonesian flag raising Witnesses 17 August 1945.jpg

On August 14, 1945 Japan surrendered to the Allies. Army and Navy of Japan was still in power in Indonesia because Japan has promised to restore power in Indonesia in the hands of the Allies. Sutan Sjahrir, Wikana, Dervish, and Chaerul Saleh heard this news through the BBC radio. After hearing rumors of Japanese going to his knees, the young faction faction urged parents to immediately proclaimed the independence of Indonesia. But the older group did not want to rush. They do not want the bloodshed at the time of the proclamation. Consultation meetings were conducted in the form PPKI. Young Group does not approve the meeting, considering PPKI is a body established by the Japanese. They want freedom for our nation's own efforts, instead of Japan.

Sukarno and Hatta went to the military ruler of Japan (Gunsei) to obtain confirmation in his office in Koningsplein (Medan Merdeka). But the office was empty.

Sukarno and Hatta together and then to the office Soebardjo Bukanfu, Rear Admiral Maeda, at Jalan Medan Merdeka Utara (House Maeda on Jl Imam Bonjol 1). Maeda welcoming them with congratulations on their success in Dalat. As he replied he had not received a confirmation and are still awaiting instructions from Tokyo. On his return from Maeda, Sukarno and Hatta immediately prepare Indonesian Independence Preparatory Committee meeting (PPKI) on August 16 at 10 am the next day at the office Pejambon Road No. 2 to discuss all things related to preparation of the Declaration of Independence.

A day later, the pressure fluctuation which requires the takeover of power by Indonesia launched the youth soared from a few classes. PPKI Meeting on August 16 at 10 am was not implemented because the Sukarno and Hatta did not appear. The meeting participants did not know the event has occurred Rengasdengklok.

Events Rengasdengklok

The young fighters, including Chaerul Saleh, Sukarni, and Wikana - which is said surge heroismenya burn after discussion with the title Datuk Tan Malaka Ibrahim - who joined the underground movement to lose patience, and in the early morning of 16 August 1945. Together Shodancho Singgih, a member of PETA, and other youth, they brought Sukarno (along with the new Thunder Fatmawati and 9 months old) and Hatta, the Rengasdengklok, later known as the event Rengasdengklok. The aim is that Ir. Soekarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta is not affected by the Japanese. Here, they re-assured Soekarno that Japan had surrendered and the fighters were ready to fight the Japanese, no matter what. In Jakarta, the young group, Wikana, and old groups, namely Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo conduct negotiations. Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo agreed to proclaim the independence of Indonesia in Jakarta. then diutuslah Yusuf Ahmad Soebardjo Kunto to take into Rengasdengklok. They pick up Ir. Soekarno and Drs. Moh. Hatta returned to Jakarta. Mr. Ahmad Soebardjo managed to convince the youth to not rush - rush to proclaim independence. After arriving in Jakarta, they come home each. Given that the hotel Des Indes (now shopping complex in Harmony) can not be used for meetings after 10 pm, then Rear Admiral Maeda bid to use his house (now museum formulation of the text of the proclamation) as a meeting place PPKI accepted by Indonesian leaders.

Meeting Soekarno / Hatta with General Major Rear Admiral Nishimura and Maeda

In the evening, Sukarno and Hatta returned to Jakarta. Major General Moichiro Yamamoto, XVI Army Chief of Staff (Army), who became head of the military government (Gunseikan) in the Dutch East Indies did not want to accept Sukarno-Hatta delivered by Tadashi Maeda and ordered that Major-General Otoshi Nishimura, Public Affairs Department Head of government Japan's military, to accept the arrival of the entourage. Nishimura said that since the late afternoon of August 16, 1945 has received orders from Tokyo that Japan should maintain the status quo, not to give permission to prepare the proclamation of the Independence of Indonesia as already promised by Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam. Sukarno and Hatta regretted that decision and sarcastic attitude Nishimura whether an officer who spirited Bushido, broke his promise to be pitied by the Allies. Finally Sukarno-Hatta requested not to obstruct the work PPKI Nishimura, perhaps by way of pretending not to know. Seeing a hot debate Maeda quietly leave the room because it was warned by Nishimura for Tokio Maeda obey orders, and he knows as a Navy liaison officer (Kaigun) in the area of ​​the Army (Rikugun) he has no authority to decide.

After the house Nishimura, Sukarno-Hatta to the house of Admiral Maeda (now Jalan Imam Bonjol No. 1) accompanied by Myoshi to conduct a meeting to prepare the text of the Proclamation. After greeting Sukarno-Hatta, who left to argue with Nishimura, Maeda resigned to his bedroom. Preparation of text undertaken by Sukarno's Proclamation, M. Hatta, Achmad Soebardjo and witnessed by Soekarni, BM Diah, Sudiro (Grandma) and Sayuti Melik. Myoshi a half-drunk in the back seat listening to the preparation of the text but then there are sentences from Shigetada Nishijima as if he participated interfere text of the proclamation and suggested preparation for the transfer of power that just means the administrative authority. About this Bung Karno stressed that the transfer of power that means "transfer of power". Bung Hatta, Subardjo, BM Diah, Sukarni, Sudiro and Sajuti Malik nothing but justify the claim in some quarters Nishijima Nishijima claims still buzzed.

Once the draft is complete agreement, Sajuti copying and typing the text using a typewriter that was taken from the German Navy offices, owned by Major (Marine), Dr. Hermann Kandeler. [2] At first reading of the proclamation will be made in the Field Ikada, due to security reasons moved to the residence of Sukarno, Pegangsaan Road 56 East (now Jl. Proclamation no. 1).

Seconds Manuscript Reading Proclamation